Air Travellers' Security Charge (ATSC) and Low Cost and Regional Air Carriers : 4
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E.  Issues Raised by Air Carriers

A number of issues were raised by the Low Cost and Regional carriers during telephone discussions and in letters included with the survey responses. The general perception amongst these carriers is that "our voice has mostly been ignored with the harried implementation of the ATSC." Letters received from several carriers are included in Appendix E.

There are a number of reasons that the Low Cost and Regional carrier segments of the industry feels this way. These are summarized below.

• Fee Charged with No Service Given: A primary issue with many Regional carriers is that passengers are required to pay the ATSC without receiving direct benefit. This is particularly the case for charter flights, where passengers normally do not pass through the airport terminal and therefore are not subject to screening of any sort, or if they do pass through a terminal facility, it is one where passenger screening is not available.
• Arbitrary Setting of Exemptions: Some carriers are exempt from collecting the ATSC due to the size of the aircraft they fly, while others are exempt if one or both airports on a leg happen not to be on the designated list. The cut-point for exemptions appears to be arbitrary without relation to the threat presented or to the level of security service provided. This leads to a seemingly unfair advantage based on location or aircraft inventory. One carrier described themselves as "lucky" to be exempt. Another carrier which flies Cessna 172s has confirmed that the ATSC does not apply to them given the small size of the aircraft, even though they often fly to designated airports.
• ATSC High Proportion of Total Ticket Price: Several carriers have expressed concern with their ability to compete in a market where additional taxes and levies are continually being applied. The ATSC often represents a significant percent of the total ticket price in this market where tickets are typically less than $300. The following examples show how the ATSC can have a significant impact on operations.

• Double Application of the Fee: When tickets for different segments of a trip are purchased separately, the ATSC will be applied on each segment. This is particularly a problem for small independent regional airlines which have no interline agreements with other carriers, and for airlines that sell tickets directly to customers without going through a travel agent. An example of double application of the ATSC provided by one carrier is as follows:

One air taxi firm which has been in operation for over 15 years, has seen operating costs more than double due to increased insurance premiums and escalating airport improvement fees (AIF), airport terminal fees, NAV Canada fees, etc. With the onset of the $24 ATSC, the owner questions the viability of his firm. "Because of this security tax, I have been forced to lower my fares to compete with a competitor who just happens to fly out of airports not on the designated list. I also had to cancel all my weekend flights indefinitely as well as cancel my mid-afternoon flight until further notice. Sadly, in addition I have had to contact an aircraft broker to place my backup aircraft for sale. This is directly due to the decrease in passenger loads because of the seemingly never-ending fee increase."

Another carrier indicated that loads are down 50% on their short-haul flights, and that they "might as well go out of business because all of the extra surcharges are killing us". This particular carrier recognized the need for the ATSC but thought that it should not exceed $5.

One charter operator conducted an on-board survey asking passengers their opinion of the $12 per leg tax. The largest group stressed the inequities of a flat tax imposed on low fares and short-haul operators, including at smaller airports where no enhanced security was likely to be seen; while another group said they would not mind paying a fee for service, as long as security improved.

The Regional and Low Cost carriers responding to the survey brought up a number of issues with the ATSC which should be addressed. Suggestions made by some of these carriers for addressing these issues include:

"ATSC is excessive and should not be charged at airports or to carriers where no services are rendered or that services are not utilized by carrier decision."

"I strongly encourage the Government to adjust this security tax fairly and proportionately so that the taxpayers get some value for what they pay and that the costs are spread fairy according to the costs of the tickets."

"Small carriers not requiring the same screening and security procedures as is the case in many parts of this country, that they be exempted from the fee all together."

"Create a level playing field for all carriers."

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V.  Summary of Observations

The major findings relating to the application of the ATSC for Low Cost and Regional carriers and from the analysis of traffic levels since the application of the fee are summarized below.

A.  Low Cost Carriers

• Low Cost air carriers accounted for approximately 31% of ASKs on domestic scheduled flights in Canada in September 2002.
• Low Cost air carriers provide service for roughly 175 city pairs (excluding connections), carrying about 160,000 OD passengers per week in September 2002 between these city pairs. All of these city pairs are between ATSC listed airports and are therefore subject to the ATSC. The ATSC represents an increase of 8.9% in the Low fare and 7.0% of the "B"/"M" class fare when averaged over all OD passengers on these routes. The breakdown of routes is as follows:
  • Routes less than 500 km account for almost 15% of the passengers, with the ATSC ranging from 10.6% to 12.6% of the fare for most passengers. Travel time savings by flying vary from one to seven hours, averaging 2.3 hours, each way.
  • Routes between 500 and 1,000 km account for just over 45% of passengers, with the ATSC ranging from 6.8% to 10.8% of the fare for most passengers. Travel time savings by flying vary from 4 to 17 hours, averaging 8.5 hours, each way.
  • Routes greater than 1,000 km account for just over 40% of passengers, with the ATSC ranging from 3.4% to 7.0% of the fare for most passengers. Travel time savings by flying vary from 10 to 30 hours, averaging 21 hours, each way.
• The return airfare is estimated to be between $200 and $400 for about 65% of passengers. About 25% pay between $400 and $600, and about 10% pay more than $600.

B.  Regional Carriers

• Regional air carriers account for approximately 16% of ASKs on domestic flights in Canada. They provide air service between about 850 city pairs (excluding connections), carrying roughly 70,000 passenger per week in September 2002.
• About 600 of these city pairs involve just one or no ATSC listed airport and are therefore not subject to the ATSC. Passengers on these routes (excluding connecting passengers) totalled roughly 20,000 per week in September 2002.
• About 250 of the city pairs served by the Regional carriers are between ATSC listed airports and are therefore subject to the ATSC. Passengers on these routes totalled almost 50,000 per week in September 2002 (excluding connecting passengers). The ATSC represents an increase of 8.9% in the Low fare and 4.4% of the "B"/"M" class fare when averaged over all OD passengers on these routes. A breakdown of these routes is as follow:
  • Routes less than 500 km account for just over 50% of passengers paying the ATSC, with the ATSC ranging from 5.9% to 10.9% of the fare for most passengers. Travel time savings by flying vary from 1 to 6 hours each way for most of these passengers.
  • Routes between 500 and 1,000 km account for almost 35% of passengers paying the ATSC, with the ATSC ranging from 3.0% to 7.1% of the fare for most passengers.
  • Routes greater than 1,000 km account for almost 15% of passengers paying the ATSC, with the ATSC ranging from 2.2% to 5.0% of the fare for most passengers.
• The return airfare was estimated to be less than $200 for 6% of passengers on Regional air carriers, and between $200 and $400 for 37% of passengers.
• Remote communities, those where there is no reliable year round surface transportation, account for 15% of passengers on the Regional carriers surveyed. The ATSC applies on only a small portion (about 14%) of these trips.

C.  Experience Subsequent to Introduction of the ATSC

A review of trends in air traffic was conducted for Low Cost carriers, for selected short haul city pair markets, and for other regional markets.

For Low Cost carriers, data limitations related to changes in the air transportation industry required that the examination of time trends be broadened to include most mainline air transportation services in Canada. RPKs were used as an aggregate measure of air travel demand and showed for the first eight months of 2002, overall passenger traffic for Low Cost and Mainline carriers trailed 2001 traffic levels by about 7%. Also, for Low Cost and Mainline carriers, seasonal growth in aggregate RPKs over the months following the introduction of the ATSC was slower in 2002, compared to 2001.

Information concerning selected short haul markets was available from carriers providing passenger information by route. This information was used to compare the change in traffic over the 5-month period from April through to August 2002 with the change over the same period in 2001. This comparison removes the direct effect of the events of September 11, 2001, but could be influenced by any "bounce-back" from the large drop in traffic that occurred immediately following those events, or to other external factors such as economic activity.

A selection was made of the larger short haul markets subject to strong competition from highway transportation. The expectation is that these markets have lower fares and as a result, would be subject to greater price elasticity. The selected city pairs include city pairs of less than 500 km, with a volume of more than 5,000 seats per week and subject to strong highway competition.

The review of traffic trends indicates that passenger volumes on selected short haul routes are down 10.9% in Western Canada and down 3.8% in Eastern Canada. The larger drop in Western Canada may be associated with lower airfares and shorter driving times on the selected routes in Western Canada. Traffic on particular short haul routes has dropped by even greater amounts.

For both the selected short haul markets and the Low Cost carriers, the observed traffic patterns are consistent with the expected influence of the ATSC. However, the magnitude of the changes in traffic cannot be attributed solely to the ATSC as many other factors have been at play:

• The continuing effect of the events of September 11, 2001, such as the uncertainty over the timing and extent of a recovery in the demand for air travel during the period from April to August 2002;
• Economic conditions have been stronger in 2002 compared to 2001, which would tend to offset to some extent, the price impact of the ATSC; and
• Adding to the effect of improving economic conditions would be any "bounce-back" of travel demand from the events of September 11, 2001.

Further qualifications to the analysis of time trends for Mainline and Low Cost carriers concerns the significant change in the mix of markets and services between 2001 and 2002. It would appear that an examination of aggregate trends in RPKs provides little in the way of insight as to the effect of the ATSC on the markets served by Low Cost carriers.

Finally, as concerns other regional markets, a comparison of the trend in passengers and ASKS (2002 compared to 2001, over the four month period April through July) was conducted for city pairs in the north, and for city pairs in the south served by Jazz, other than those included in the selected short haul routes, and smaller carriers.

Northern city pairs have benefitted from competition among carriers, with ASKs continuing to show modest growth. For Southern city pairs, the trend was not as strong, with ASKS over most carriers experiencing reduced growth and a modest reduction in passengers on short haul routes.

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Appendix A
Information on Air Carriers in Study

Code	Air carrier	City of Head office	Prov.	Aircraft Fleet	Points Served	ATSC Airports
GGN (AC)	AIR ALLIANCE / AIR GEORGIAN LTD.	Mississauga,	ON	Beech 1900, Beech 90, C550	Kingston, Sarnia, Toronto, Rochester, Albany, Dayton, Fort Wayne, Grand Rapids, Louisville, Manchester, Syracuse, Kalamazoo, Montreal	4 + 9 US
YN	AIR CREEBEC INC.	Val d'Or	QC	Beech 100, Beech 1900, DHC8-100/200/300/400, Embraer 100, HS748	Attawapiskat, Chibougamau, Chisasibi, Eastmain, Fort Albany, Kashechewan, Kuujuarapik, La Grande, Montreal, Moosonee, Nemiscau, Pewanuk, Timmins, Val d'Or, Waskaganish, Wemindji, Roberval	5
3H	AIR INUIT	Dorval	QC	Beech 100, DHC6, DHC8-100/200/300/400, HS748,	Kuujjuaq, Kangiqsuallujjuaq, Puvirnituq, Akulivik, Kuujjuaraapik, LaGrande, Sanikiluaq.
	AIR MIKISEW LTD.	Fort McMurray	AB	Beech 100, Beech 99, BN-2 C185, C206, C206, C207, C207, C208, DHC2, Jetstream31, PA31	Edmonton Muni., Fort Chipewyan, Fort McMurray, La Loche (SK)	2
4N	AIR NORTH	Whitehorse	YT	B737 100/200, Beech 99, HS748	Dawson, Fairbanks, Inuvik, Juneau, Old Crow, Whitehorse	1 + 3 US
	AIR SATELLITE INC.	Baie Comeau	QC	Beech 100, C152, C172, C310, C335, C337, C402	Baie-Comeau, Havre-St-Pierre, Port Menier, Quebec City, Montreal, Rimouski, Sept-Iles	4
8T	AIR TINDI	Yellowknife	NT	Beech 200, Beech 90, C185, C208, CHRIS-A-1, DHC2, DHC3T, DHC6	Fort Simpson, Lutsel'ke, Rae Lakes, Snare Lake, Whati, Yellowknife,	3
	AIRSPEED AVIATION INC.	Abbotsford	BC	C402, C414	Abbotsford, Victoria	2
	ALTAIR AVIATION LTD.	Pitt Meadows	BC	C172, C172	Nanaimo, Pitt Meadows, Victoria	2
QC	AVIATION QUEBEC LABRADOR LTEE	Sept-Iles	QC	DHC6, Embraer 110, PA31	Blanc Sablon, Chevery, Gethsemani, Kegaska, Natashquan, Pakuashipi, Schefferville, Sept-Iles, Tete-a-La Baleine, Wabush.	2
	BAXTER AVIATION	Nanaimo	BC	C185; DHC2	Vancouver, Nanaimo	2
JV	BEARSKIN AIRLINES	Sioux Lookout	ON	Beech 100, Beech 99, SW4, SW5, PC12	Angling Lake, Bearskin Lake, Big Trout Lake, Buttonville, Cat Lake, Deer Lake, Dryden, Flin Flon, Fort Frances, Fort Hope, Fort Severn, Getaldton, Kasabonika Lake, Keewaywin, Kapuskasing, Kenora, Kingfisher Lake, Lansdowne House, Muskrat Dam, North Bay, North Spirit Lake, Ottawa, Pickle Lake, Pikangikum, Red Lake, Round Lake, Sachigo Lake, Sandy Lake, Sioux Lookout, Sault Ste. Marie, Sudbury, Summer Beaver, The Pas, Thunder Bay, Timmins, Webequie, Winnipeg, Wunnumin Lake, Buttonville/Toronto.	8
MO	CALM AIR INTERNATIONAL LTD.	Thompson	MB	C208, HS748, PA31, SF340	Arivat, Baker Lake, Chesterfield Inlet, Churchill Dryden, Flin Flon, Gillam, Leaf Rapids, Lynn Lake, Pukatawagan, Rankin Inlet, Shamattawa, South Indian Lake, The Pas, Thompson, Thunder Bay, Whale Cove, Winnipeg	3
5T	CANADIAN NORTH AIRLINES	Yellowknife	NT	B737-100/200, F28	Cambridge Bay, Calgary, Edmonton, Ekati, Fort Smith, Hay River, Inuvik, Iqaluit, Norman Wells, Ottawa, Rankin Inlet, Yellowknife	5
W2	CANADIAN WESTERN AIRLINES	Richmond	BC	C401	Vancouver, Nanaimo, Tofino	2
C6	CANJET	Enfield	NS	B737-100/200, F28	Toronto, Halifax, St John's, Montreal, Ottawa	5
9M (AC)	CENTRAL MOUNTAIN AIR LTD	Smithers	BC	Beech 1900	Prince George, Dawson Creek, Calgary, Kamloops, Lloydminster, Terrace, Kelowna, Smithers, (plus code share with AC: Vancouver, Cranbrook, Edmonton Intnl, High Level, Lethbridge, Medicine Hat, Peace River, Penticton, Rainbow Lake)	8
	CORPORATE EXPRESS AIRLINES	Calgary	AB	Jetstream 31, Saab SF 340	Calgary, Fort McMurray, Edmonton Municipal	2
7F	FIRST AIR	Carp	ON	ATR 42, B727, B737-100/200, Beech 99, DHC2, DHC6, DHC7, HS748, L382	Cambridge Bay, Cape Dorset, Clyde River, Coral Harbour, Edmonton, Fort Simpson, Port Smith, Gjoa Haven, Hall Beach, Hay River, Holman, Igloolik, Iqaluit, Kimmirut, Kugluktuk, Kuujjuaq, Montreal, Nanisivik, Ottawa, Pangnirtung, Pevy Bay, Pond Inlet, Rankin Inlet, Resolute Bay, Taloyoak, Vancouver, Whitehorse, Winnipeg, Yellowknife	9
H3	HARBOUR AIR LTD.	Richmond	BC	C180, C185, DHC2, DHC3, DHCT	Prince Rupert, Sandspit, Vancouver, Vancouver Harbour, Victoria Harbour, Masset, Nanaimo	2+
BH	HAWKAIR AVIATION SERVICES LTD	Terrace	BC	Atl 98 Carvair, Bristol BR70, DHC8-100/200/300/400	Prince Rupert, Smithers, Vancouver, Terrace	4
JB	HELIJET INTERNATIONAL	Richmond	BC	AS350, AS355, B206, R22, S-76	Seattle (WA), Vancouver, Victoria	2 + 1 US
	INTEGRA AIR	Lethbridge	AB	Beech King Air 100	Edmonton City Centre, Lethbridge
QK (AC)	JAZZ AIR INC.	Enfield	NS	BAE 146, Beech 1900, CRJ (CL65), DHC8-100/200/300	59 cities in Canada	59 + US
SG	JETSGO	Saint-Laurent	QC	MD-83	Halifax, Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, Winnipeg, Stephenville	6
WJ	LABRADOR AIRWAYS LTD.	St. Johns	NF	Beech 1900, C208, DHC3T, DHC6	Black Tickle, Cartwright, Charlottetown, Davis Inlet, Fox Harbour, Goose Bay, Hopedale, Makkovik, Mary's Harbour, Nain, Port Hope Simpson, Postville, Rigolet, St. Anthony, St. Johns, Stephenville	4
	NORTHERN THUNDERBIRD AIR INC.	Prince George	BC	Beech 1900, Beech 200, C172, C172, C185, C195, C206, C206, C208	Dease Lake, Smithers, Terrace, (also on demand services Finbow, Fort Ware, Mackenzie, OstinaTofino, Tsay-ush, Swannell, Watson Lake)	1
J3	NORTHWESTERN AIR LEASE LTD.	Fort Smith	NT	Beech 90, Beech 99, C401, Jetstream 31	Fort Smith, Fort McMurray, Grande Prairie, Yellowknife	3
8P	PACIFIC COASTAL AIRLINES	Richmond	BC	Beech 1900, Beech 200, DHC2, DHC3T, Embraer110, Goose, Shorts360	Anahim, Lake, Bella Bella, Bella Coola, Campbell River, Comox, Port Hardy, Powell River, Vancouver (also on demand to Hakai Pass, Klemtu, Nanaimo, Rivers Inlet)	4
	PASCAN AVIATION INC.	Ste-Foy	QC	PC12, PC12	Baie-Comeau, Blanc-Sablon, Bonadventure, Chevery, Iles-dela-Madeleine, Montreal (Dorval), Quebec, Rouyn, Sept-Iles, St.Augustin, Val D'Or	5
	PEACE AIR LTD.	Peace River	AB	C172, C210, PC12, PA31, PA34	Calgary, Edmonton, Fort St. John, Fort Nelson, Grande Prairie, Jasper, Peace River, Prince George, Cold Lake, High Level, Lloyminster, Terrace	5
PB	PROVINCIAL AIRLINES/ INTERPROVINCIAL AIRLINES	St. Johns	NF	Beech 200, BN-2, C550, DHC6, SW3, SW4, PA31, SF340	Blanc Sablon, Churchill Falls, Davis Inlet, Deer Lake NF, Goose Bay, Halifax International Apt, Hopedale, Makkovik, Nain, Postville, St Anthony, St Johns, Stephenville, Wabush.	6
K9	SKYWARD AVIATION LTD.	Thompson	MB	Beech 100, Beech 1900, Beech 200, BN-2, C172, C172, C207, C208, C310, C402, C414, C421, C441, Embraer 110	Arviat, BakerLake, Brochet, Chesterfield Inlet, Churchill, Garden Hill, Gods Lake Narrows, Gods River, Lac Brochet, Norway House, Oxford House, Rankin Inlet, Shamattawa, South Indian Lake, St. Theresa Point, Tadoule Lake, Thompson, Whale Cove, Winnipeg, York Landing	2
AC	TANGO BY AIR CANADA	Dorval	QC	Airbus 330, Airbus 340, Airbus 319/320/321, B737-100/200, B747, B747-400, B767, CL65, DC9	Toronto, Abbotsford, Calgary, Charlottetown, Deer Lake, Edmonton, Fredericton, Gander, Halifax, Kelowna, London, Montreal, Ottawa, Quebec City, Regina, Saint John, Saskatoon, Saint John's, Thunder Bay, Vancouver, Victoria, Windsor, Winnipeg	21
	TRANS CAPITAL AIR	Toronto	ON	DHC7	Montreal, Red Lake, Sudbury,Thunder Bay, Timmins,Toronto, Val D'Or	6
9T	TRANSWEST AIR	Prince Albert	SK	Beech 100, Beech 1900, Beech 55, Beech 58/58TC, Beech 99, B206, C172, C185, C310, C402, C441, DHC2, DHC2T	Fond du Lac, La Rage, Points North, Prince Albert, Regina, Saskatoon, Stony Rapids, Uranium City, Wollaston	3
WS	WESTJET AIRLINES LTD.	Calgary	AB	B737 - 100/200, B737 - 600/700/800/900	Abbotsford, Calgary, Comox, Edmonton, Grande Prairie, Hamilton, Kelowna, Moncton, Ottawa, Prince George, Regina, Saskatoon, Sudbury, Thunder Bay, Vancouver, Victoria, Winnipeg	17
Air Carriers Surveyed but Do Not Operate Scheduled Passenger Flights
	VOYAGEUR AIRWAYS	North Bay	ON	Beech 100, Beech 200, DHC7,	North Bay, Montreal	2
	WESTERN EXPRESS AIRLINES INC.	Richmond	BC	Beech 200, F27, SW3, SW4, Falcon 20, PA31	Calgary, Edmonton, Nanaimo, Terrace, Vancouver, Victoria, Whitehorse	7
	NORTHERN SKY AVIATION	High Level	AB	PC-12 (3)	Abbotsford, Calgary, Edmonton City Centre, High Level, Rainbow Lake	2
Air Carriers Not Surveyed
6L	AKLAK AIR	Inuvik	NT	DHC 6-300, Beech 99	Fort McPherson, Paulatuk, Sachs Harbour, Tuktoyaktuk	0
J4	BUFFALO AIRWAYS	Yellowknife	NWT	DC-3, DC-4, C-46, Beech 95, C185, NO6, A-90, B55	Northwest Territories and Yukon	1
FK	KEEWATIN AIR LIMITED	Winnipeg	MB	Beech 200, SW2, Learjet 35, PC12		1
4K	KENN BOREK AIR LTD.	Calgary	AB	Beech 100, Beech 200,Beech 55, Beech 90, Beech 99, C185, DC3, DHC6, Embraer 110	Arctic Bay, Cape Dorset, Grise Fiord, Iqaluit, Nanisivik, Pang nirtung, Pond Inlet, Qikiqtarjuaq, Resolute Bay	1
BZ	KEYSTONE AIR SERVICE	Swan River	MB	PA-34-200, PA-31-310, PA-31-350, PA-28-140,Beech 99, Beech 200	Swan River, Winnipeg, Red Deer and other locations	1
XC	KD AIR	Vancouver	BC	Cessna Skyhawk C172,Piper Navajo PA31-310, Piper Chieftain PA31-350	Vancouver Intern'l Airport, Vancouver Island & Texada Island	1
UJ	MONTAIR AVIATION	Delta	BC	PC-12, PA-34-200T, C172	Boundary Bay and other locations	0
U7	NORCANAIR (operated by Northern Dene Airways Ltd)	Prince Albert	SK	Metroliner III	Saskatoon, Prince Albert, La Ronge, Wollaston, Stony Rapids, Fond-du-lac and Uranium City	2*
	NORTH CARIBOO AIR	Fort St. John	BC	Beech 100, Beech 1900, Beech 200, Beech 58/58TC, Beech 90, C206, DHC6, PA31		1
	PERIMETER AIRLINES (INLAND) LTD.	Winnipeg	MB	Ceech 55, SW3, HS125, Learjet 35	Berens River, Brandon, Brochet, Cross Lake, Dauphin, Fort Severn, Garden Hill, Gods Lake Narrows, God's River, Lac Brochet, Norway House, Oxford House, St. Theresa Point/Wasagamack, Red Sucker Lake, Shamattawa, Tadoule Lake,Thompson	1
	WASAYA AIRWAYS LP	Thunder Bay	ON	HS-748, C208, Beech 1900, PC-12	Northeast Manitoba, Northwest Ontario	1
8O	WEST COAST AIR	Vancouver	BC	DHC-6 (Floats), DHC-2 (floats)	Vancouver, Victoria, Whistler, Tofino, Campbell River	0
* Operated to only one ATSC airport in September 2002

Summary of Aircraft Types Used by Air Carriers Surveyed

Aircraft Type	Passenger Seats			# Flights
	Min	Max	Avg	per Week
Aerospatiale Ecureuil AS350 /AS355 2	5	5	5	42
Airbus A320	117	117	117	222
ATR 42	46	46	46	96
BAe (HS) 748	33	44	37	193
BAe 146-200 (Passenger)	85	85	85	414
BAe Jetstream 31	18	19	19	167
BAe Jetstream 32	19	19	19	15
Beechcraft (Light Aircraft)	4	14	14	532
BE 1900/BE King Air 200	15	15	15	22
Beech King Air 100	10	14	11	93
Beechcraft 1900 C or D	19	19	19	1436
Beechcraft C99 Airliner	12	12	12	40
Boeing 727 (Mixed Configuration)	70	70	70	20
Boeing 737 any Series Passenger	120	125	125	1141
Boeing 737-200 (Mixed Configuration)	60	117	81	538
Boeing 737-700	140	140	140	248
Boeing 737-800	150	150	150	47
Canadair Regional Jet	50	50	50	188
Cessna (Light Aircraft)	6	8	8	223
Cessna 172	4	4
Cessna 180	4	6
Cessna 185	4	6
Cessna 206	6	6
Cessna 207	6	7
Cessna 208	9	14
Cessna 210	4	6
Cessna 310	5	6
Cessna 335, 337	4	6
Cessna 401	6	8
Cessna 402	9	9
Cessna 414	6	8
Cessna 421	6	7
Cessna 441	8	11
Cessna 550 (jet)	7	12
De Havilland DHC-2 Beaver	6	6	6	262
De Havilland DHC-3 Otter	14	14	14	96
De Havilland DHC-6 Twin Otter	9	37	17	671
De Havilland DHC-8 Dash 8 100	37	37	37	2884
De Havilland DHC-8 Dash 8 Series 300	50	50	50	1193
De Havilland DHC8 Dash-8 Series any	37	37	37	252
Embraer EMB-110 Bandeirante	14	18	17	475
Fairchild Metroliner (SW3, SW4)	15	19	19	514
Fokker F28 Fellowship all Series	75	75	75	62
McD-Douglas MD-80 all Series	150	150	150	83
Pilatus PC-12	9	9	9	632
Piper (Light Aircraft)	8	8	8	16
Piper PA31	6	9
Piper PA34	6	6
Saab SF 340	33	34	34	333
Shorts 360	33	33	33	257
Sikorsky S-76	12	12	12	250
Grand Total	0	150	49	13659

Appendix B
Assumptions for Estimating Travel Times

Airport		Distance to Airport (km)	Access Time (min)	Time Prior to Departure (min)	Egress from Airport (min)
YOW	Ottawa	14.6	20	45	20
YYC	Calgary	19.3	24	45	20
YEG	Edmonton	30.5	28	45	20
YWG	Winnipeg	12.1	18	45	20
YUL	Montreal	21.4	28	45	20
YHZ	Halifax	35.5	29	45	20
YTZ	Toronto Island	5.3	10	30	10
CXH	Vancouver Harbour	2.6	4	20	5
YWH	Victoria Harbour	4.0	8	20	5
YXD	Edmonton City Centre	4.0	8	30	10
YBQ	Quebec	17.1	15	38	15
YYJ	Victoria	26.1	23	38	15
YYT	St John's	13.2	16	38	15
YSJ	Saint John	16.7	23	38	15
YQM	Moncton	9.2	10	38	15
YHM	Hamilton	16.7	21	38	15
YXU	London	10.7	12	30	10
YQG	Windsor	9.4	13	30	10
YQR	Regina	4.7	7	38	15
YXE	Saskatoon	4.9	7	38	15
YYZ	LBP Int'l	28.1	31	50	20
YVR	Vancouver	14.5	19	50	20
YXS	Prince George		15	30	10
YFC	Fredericton		15	30	10
YQU	Grande Prairie		15	30	10
YKA	Kamloops		15	30	10
YLW	Kelowna		15	30	10
YXX	Abbotsford		15	30	10
	Other Minor Airports		15	20	5
Note: travel and airport times were calculated for both the outgoing and return segments of the trip and averaged to give a representative time for the OD city pair.

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